brukende

Brukende is the present participle of the Norwegian verb bruke, meaning to use. It is used to convey ongoing use or the characteristic of using something, and can function as an adjective or as an adverbial participle in sentences. The form is part of the participle system that parallels other -ende participles in Norwegian.

Forms and variants: In Bokmål the present participle is typically written as brukende. In Nynorsk the corresponding form is commonly brukande. Both forms share the same basic meaning, but the spelling reflects the orthographic conventions of the two written standards.

Usage and function: Brukende can describe a noun that uses something or exhibits the act of using. In practice, it tends to appear in more formal or technical language, and speakers sometimes prefer alternative constructions such as phrases with som bruker (that uses) or phrases indicating use like i bruk (in use). As with other present participles, brukende can be placed before or after the noun it modifies, depending on emphasis and syntax.

Relation to other forms: The present participle brukende/brukande is distinct from the past participle brukt, which means “used” in the sense of having been utilized. While brukt often appears in passive constructions or as a predicate adjective, brukende emphasizes the act of using in the present.

See also: bruka (Nynorsk infinitive form of to use), bruke (Bokmål verb), bruk (use), bruker (user).

Note: Brukende is relatively formal; in everyday Norwegian, speakers may opt for more straightforward constructions (for example, som bruker) to express the same idea.