broomcorn

Broomcorn is the common name for varieties of Sorghum bicolor whose seed heads produce long, stiff bristles used in traditional broom making. The term historically distinguishes broom straw from the grain produced by the same species. Broomcorn panicles are large, branching inflorescences that, when dried, yield the durable fibers used as broom bristles. The plant is an annual grass in the grass family, native to Africa, and is widely grown for grain (sorghum), forage, and ornamental displays in addition to broom production.

Description and cultivation: Broomcorn varieties are typically tall plants with erect panicles. They require warm-season climates and well-drained soils. In harvest, the seed heads are cut, dried, and the bristles are separated from the seeds. The resulting broom straw is bundled and bound to form brooms or used in other fibrous products. The seeds may be used for food or feed; the plant fiber can be used for brushes. Modern broommaking largely relies on synthetic fibers, but natural broomcorn remains valued by artisans and in some traditional industries.

History and uses: In the United States and parts of Europe, broomcorn was a major agricultural product in the 19th and early 20th centuries, with extensive broom straw industries in regions such as the Great Plains and the Mississippi River Valley. The rise of synthetic broom fibers reduced demand for natural broomcorn, though it continues to be cultivated in some regions for specialty brooms and for ornamental or heritage purposes.

Taxonomy and related terms: Broomcorn is a form of Sorghum bicolor. It is sometimes confused with sweet sorghum, which is grown primarily for syrup. The key distinction is that broomcorn is selected for its long inflorescences and pliable bristles rather than seed yield.