bronchospasmus

Bronchospasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles, the small airways in the lungs. This constriction narrows the airways, making it difficult to breathe and causing symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.

Several factors can trigger bronchospasm. Allergic reactions, such as those associated with asthma or anaphylaxis, are a common cause. Respiratory infections like bronchitis or pneumonia can also lead to inflammation and bronchospasm. Exposure to irritants in the air, including smoke, dust, strong perfumes, or cold air, can also provoke this reaction. Certain medications, like beta-blockers, can sometimes induce bronchospasm as a side effect. In some cases, exercise can trigger a temporary narrowing of the airways, known as exercise-induced bronchospasm.

The diagnosis of bronchospasm often involves a physical examination, listening to the lungs with a stethoscope for characteristic wheezing sounds, and sometimes pulmonary function tests to assess lung capacity and airflow. Treatment typically focuses on opening the airways. Bronchodilator medications, often inhaled, are the primary treatment. These medications relax the muscles around the airways, allowing them to widen. In more severe cases, corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation. Identifying and avoiding triggers is also a crucial part of managing conditions that cause recurrent bronchospasm.