brakingdistance

Braking distance is the distance a vehicle travels from the moment the driver applies the brakes until the vehicle stops. It is one part of total stopping distance, the other part being the perception and reaction distance.

Braking distance depends primarily on speed: since stopping distance increases with the square of velocity, higher speeds dramatically increase braking distance. It also depends on the braking system's ability to produce deceleration, which is influenced by tire grip, brake condition, and road surface.

Road conditions and weather: dry asphalt offers higher friction than wet, icy, or snow-covered surfaces. Tires with poor tread, underinflation, or worn brakes reduce deceleration. ABS can help maintain steering control; however, it does not guarantee shorter stopping distances in all conditions.

A simple way to estimate braking distance uses d = v^2 / (2a) where v is initial speed and a is average deceleration. On a dry road with good tires, typical deceleration may be about 6–9 m/s^2; on wet roads lower, on ice much lower. This yields a rough order of magnitude; exact values vary.

To reduce braking distance, drivers should drive at speeds appropriate for conditions, maintain safe following distances, ensure tires and brakes are in good condition, and anticipate hazards to minimize the need for abrupt braking.