brácsa

Brácsa is the Hungarian name for the viola, a bowed string instrument that forms part of the violin family. It is larger than the violin and pitched a fifth lower, serving as the alto voice in many ensembles. The standard tuning is C-G-D-A, with the lowest string around C3. A typical viola has a body length of about 40 cm, and a carved spruce top with a maple back; construction follows the general principles of classical violin family instruments. Most players use four strings, though five-string violas with a low B string exist for extended range in some modern settings.

In performance, the brácsa is played under the chin with a bow, using a wider tone and longer sustain than the violin. In classical music it fills inner harmony lines in orchestras, and supplies the lead in some chamber works; in the solo repertoire there is substantial literature dating from the baroque through contemporary music. In Hungarian folk music, brácsa is a common melodic instrument in rural and urban ensembles, often featured for its rich, singing tone.

Historically, the viola originated in Italy in the 16th–17th centuries as part of the violin family; the name brácsa reflects the Hungarian adaptation of the instrument's name. The brácsa shares its basic construction with other violins, violas and cellos, and as such has a similar setup of soundpost, bridge, and f-holes.

See also: Viola; Violin family.