bonytongues

Bonytongues, also known as Osteoglossiformes, are an ancient order of freshwater bony fish. The name "bonytongue" refers to the presence of a bony, toothed structure on the tongue, which is a distinguishing feature of the order. They are characterized by their elongated bodies, large scales, and often prominent dorsal fins. Bonytongues are found in freshwater habitats across South America, Africa, Asia, and Australia, with some species also inhabiting brackish waters.

This order is divided into two suborders: Notopteroidei and Osteoglossoidei. The Notopteroidei includes featherbacks and knifefishes, which are known for their eel-like bodies and undulating dorsal fins. The Osteoglossoidei contains more familiar species such as arowanas and arapaimas. These fish are often large and are important in their respective ecosystems, sometimes serving as food sources for local populations.

Bonytongues are generally predatory fish, feeding on insects, crustaceans, smaller fish, and even small vertebrates. Some species are known for their aerial feeding habits, leaping out of the water to catch prey. Reproduction in bonytongues varies, with some species being mouthbrooders, carrying their eggs and young in their mouths for protection. The order represents a significant lineage of teleost fish with a long evolutionary history, with fossil evidence dating back to the Cretaceous period. Their distribution patterns reflect continental drift and ancient aquatic connections.