blodkalciumnivåer

Blodkalciumnivåer, also known as serum calcium levels, refer to the concentration of calcium in a person's blood. Calcium is a vital mineral that plays a crucial role in numerous bodily functions, including bone health, muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and blood clotting. Maintaining calcium levels within a narrow range is essential for proper physiological function.

The majority of calcium in the body is stored in bones and teeth, with a small but critical amount circulating in the blood. This circulating calcium exists in three main forms: ionized calcium, protein-bound calcium (primarily to albumin), and calcium complexed with anions like phosphate and citrate. Ionized calcium is the metabolically active form.

Blood calcium levels are tightly regulated by hormones, primarily parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin. PTH, secreted by the parathyroid glands, increases blood calcium by promoting its release from bones, increasing its reabsorption in the kidneys, and stimulating vitamin D activation. Calcitonin, produced by the thyroid gland, tends to lower blood calcium by inhibiting bone resorption. Vitamin D also plays a significant role by enhancing calcium absorption from the intestines.

Abnormal blood calcium levels can be indicative of various medical conditions. Hypocalcemia, or low blood calcium, can result from conditions like hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, or kidney disease. Symptoms can include muscle cramps, spasms, and in severe cases, neurological issues. Hypercalcemia, or high blood calcium, is often associated with hyperparathyroidism, certain cancers, or excessive intake of calcium and vitamin D. Symptoms may include fatigue, nausea, constipation, and kidney stones. Measuring blood calcium levels is a common diagnostic test used to assess these conditions.