blindedarm

The blindedarm, commonly called the appendix, is a narrow, worm-like pouch attached to the cecum near the ileocecal junction. It is usually located in the lower right abdomen, but positions vary (retrocecal, pelvic). Length ranges from about 2 to 20 cm. The artery supplying it is the appendicular artery, a branch of the ileocolic artery.

Functionally, the appendix is not essential for digestion. It contains lymphoid tissue and is thought to play a role in the immune system, especially in early life. It may serve as a reservoir for beneficial gut bacteria, aiding recolonization after infection, though its exact role is not fully understood.

Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency involving the appendix. Typical onset begins with periumbilical pain that migrates to the right lower quadrant, often with anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and fever. On examination there is tenderness at McBurney’s point, sometimes with rebound tenderness or guarding. Special signs such as Rovsing, psoas, or obturator signs may be present. Delays increase the risk of perforation and abscess.

Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment supported by tests. White blood cell count commonly shows leukocytosis with neutrophilia. Imaging with ultrasound is preferred in children and pregnant patients; CT is commonly used in adults. Scoring systems (for example, the Alvarado score) may help stratify likelihood.

Treatment is usually surgical removal of the appendix (appendectomy), performed openly or laparoscopically, with perioperative antibiotics. In selected uncomplicated cases, antibiotics alone may be considered, but surgery remains standard in most settings. Recovery is typically swift, with return to normal activities within days to a couple of weeks depending on method and health.