bivak

Bivak is a term used in several languages to describe a temporary outdoor shelter or camp, typically set up for a short period or overnight with minimal gear. It is commonly associated with military, scouting, mountaineering, and hiking contexts, where the aim is to create quick, weather-protected shelter rather than a full campsite. A bivak can range from a simple lean‑to or windbreak to a compact shelter such as a bivy sack, poncho shelter, or a small tarp setup.

The word bivak derives from the French bivouac, referring to a temporary camp for soldiers. In many languages the term has been adapted with variants such as bivac or bivouac, and the spelling bivak is common in Dutch, Polish, Turkish, and other languages. In English, bivouac (bivouac or bivvy) can denote both the shelter and the act of camping in such a setup; a bivvy bag or bivvy is a compact weatherproof sleeping cover used by hikers and climbers.

Common forms and equipment include improvised natural shelters, tarps, and lightweight shelters designed for rapid deployment. A bivak emphasizes minimal gear, durability, and protection from wind, rain, and cold, often with a focus on staying dry and warm rather than on luxury or space. Careful site selection, weather awareness, and adherence to environmental guidelines are important, as bivaks are more exposed to the elements than standard tents. Leave No Trace principles apply to minimize impact on the environment.