biosférou

Biosférou is a term used to describe the biosphere, the global sum of living beings and their environments, including all ecosystems and their interactions with the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. It encompasses the circulation of energy and biogeochemical cycles that sustain life.

It includes organisms from microbes to megafauna, their habitats, and the physical and chemical conditions they inhabit. Key processes include photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, food webs, nutrient cycles, climate regulation, soil formation, and pollination. The biosférou operates within planetary boundaries and interacts with abiotic cycles.

The concept has historical roots in geology and biology. The biosphere concept was popularized in the 19th–20th century by scientists such as Eduard Suess and Vladimir Vernadsky, and later discussed in relation to Gaia theory by James Lovelock.

In contemporary science, the biosférou is studied as part of Earth system science and biogeochemistry, using global data, models, and remote sensing. Its health is assessed through biodiversity, ecosystem services, and resilience to stressors.

Threats include habitat loss, climate change, pollution, invasive species, and overexploitation. Conservation efforts focus on protecting ecosystems, restoring habitats, sustainable resource management, and emissions reductions.