bioregionalism

Bioregionalism is a political, cultural, and ethical philosophy that emphasizes living in harmony with the ecological and cultural boundaries of local bioregions—areas defined by natural features such as watersheds, climate, soils, vegetation, and fauna rather than political borders. Proponents contend that organizing communities around their bioregion can enhance self-reliance, resilience, and ecological integrity by aligning social, economic, and governance structures with local ecosystems.

Key ideas include place-based identity, ecological boundaries, and the integration of local knowledge with modern science. Practice often focuses on building sustainable local economies through local agriculture, small-scale and renewable energy, water and land conservation, habitat restoration, and participatory decision-making. Planning and design are guided by bioregional maps and the aim of reducing ecological footprints, supporting local livelihoods, and maintaining cultural continuity.

Bioregionalism is not a prescriptive blueprint but a framework that can encompass diverse approaches, including permaculture, watershed management, and community-led development. It often involves governance structures that give communities greater say in land use, resources, and planning, and may encourage local currencies or exchange networks to reinforce regional self-sufficiency.

Critiques center on potential parochialism, the risk of isolation from broader-scale social and economic needs, and questions about feasibility or equity in globalized economies. Nevertheless, it has influenced environmental planning, community organizing, and discussions about sustainable living by foregrounding local ecologies and place-based identities.