biologickými

Biologickými is the instrumental plural form of the Czech adjective biologický, meaning "biological." In Czech, this form is used to describe plural nouns in the instrumental case, often in scientific or descriptive contexts. The term expresses a relation to biology or living systems and appears in phrases that denote methods, factors, samples, processes and other entities associated with biology.

Common usage examples include biologickými vzorky (with biological samples), biologickými faktory (biological factors), and biologickými procesy (biological processes). The form is typical in sentences that convey means, accompaniment, or attribute, such as "ke studiu biologickými metodami" or "s biologickými informacemi." Its occurrence is widespread across academic, medical, environmental, and agricultural language.

Grammar notes: biologickými is the instrumental plural form, agreeing with plural nouns in masculine animate, masculine inanimate, feminine, and neuter. Adjectives of the -ický type in instrumental plural take the ending -ými. The base form for other cases and numbers is biologický (masculine singular), biologická (feminine), biologické (neuter), with corresponding forms across cases and numbers.

Etymology and sense: the adjective biologický is derived from biology, itself from the Greek roots bios (life) and logos (study or discourse). In Czech, it is used broadly to describe anything related to biology, from laboratory work to ecological studies, and it contrasts with related terms such as ekonomický (economic) or chemický (chemical) by specifying the biological nature of a subject or method.

See also: adjective-grade forms in Czech, instrumental case usage, biological terminology in Czech.