biokumuláció

Biokumuláció, also known as bioaccumulation, refers to the gradual accumulation of substances, such as pesticides or other chemicals, in an organism. This occurs when the rate of intake of a substance exceeds the organism's ability to remove it through catabolism and excretion. Substances that biokumulate are often fat-soluble and are not easily broken down by the body.

When a substance biokumulates, its concentration within the organism increases over time. This can lead to toxic effects if the concentration reaches a critical level. Biokumuláció is a significant concern in environmental toxicology because it can affect individual organisms and also biomagnify through food chains. Biomagnification is the increasing concentration of a substance in organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain.

Common examples of substances that biokumulate include heavy metals like mercury and lead, as well as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as DDT and PCBs. These substances can enter the environment through industrial processes, agricultural practices, and waste disposal. Organisms absorb these chemicals from their environment, through respiration, ingestion, or skin contact.

The long-term consequences of biokumuláció can include reproductive problems, developmental abnormalities, and increased susceptibility to diseases. Understanding biokumuláció is crucial for assessing the risks associated with chemical exposure and for developing strategies to protect both ecological and human health. Monitoring environmental levels and implementing regulations on the use and release of these substances are key aspects of managing the risks posed by biokumuláció.