biokompozic

Biokompozic is a class of composite materials consisting of a matrix derived from bio-based polymers and a reinforcing phase made from natural fibers or bio-based fillers. Designed to reduce fossil resource use and lower environmental impact, biokompozic can be biodegradable or non-biodegradable depending on the chosen components and end-of-life strategy.

Common matrices include polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), starch blends, and other bio-based or partially bio-based polymers; reinforcing phases comprise natural fibers such as flax, hemp, jute, kenaf, sisal, bamboo, and wood fibers, as well as cellulose fillers. The interfacial bonding between matrix and reinforcement is often enhanced with coupling agents or surface treatments.

Biokompozic are typically processed by extrusion, injection molding, compression molding, resin transfer molding, and increasingly additive manufacturing. They offer reduced density and sometimes increased damping, with stiffness comparable to conventional composites at equivalent fiber contents. Moisture absorption and property variability pose challenges for long-term durability and consistent performance.

Applications include automotive interior parts, packaging, consumer electronics housings, construction panels, and sporting goods. Life-cycle benefits depend on the bio-based content and whether the matrix is biodegradable; some biocomposites are recyclable, while compostability requires specific conditions and standards. End-of-life considerations are central to their environmental profile.

Ongoing research addresses variability in natural fibers, processing compatibility, and adhesion between matrix and reinforcement. Developments in bio-based resins, surface treatments, and compatibilizers aim to improve strength, heat resistance, and moisture performance while maintaining sustainability. Standards and certifications for compostability and environmental claims guide adoption in industry.