bhil

The Bhil are an indigenous tribal group in India, one of the country’s largest tribal communities. They are concentrated in western and central states, especially Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra, with smaller populations in Chhattisgarh and surrounding areas. The term Bhil covers several related communities and subgroups, including Bhil, Bhilala, Barela, and Vasava, each with its own customs and dialects.

Language and culture: They speak Bhili varieties—part of the Western Indo-Aryan language group—with dialects such as Bhili and Wagdi; many Bhil also speak the regional state languages. Traditionally, livelihoods have included forest-based subsistence and agriculture; beadwork, leatherwork, and metalwork are common crafts. Social organization tends to be clan-based and varies by subgroup.

History and status: The Bhil have a long presence in the region and participated in anti-colonial resistance and various uprisings. In modern India, many Bhil communities are recognized as Scheduled Tribes in state and national lists, and government programs address education, health, and land rights. Despite these measures, residents often face poverty and limited access to services, along with ongoing land and resource challenges. The term "Bhil" remains an umbrella label for diverse communities with distinct traditions, languages, and practices.