betafarnesene

Beta-farnesene is a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (C15H24), one of the farnesene isomers. It exists as several stereoisomers, with beta-farnesene being the most widely discussed in plant and insect chemistry. It is a volatile compound contributing to fruity and green odors in plants and is emitted by many species, including apple and potato crops.

Biological role: In aphids, beta-farnesene acts as an alarm pheromone triggering dispersal of nearby individuals. In plants, emission of beta-farnesene is part of indirect defense, attracting natural enemies of herbivores, and can contribute to the plant's aroma profile.

Biosynthesis and properties: Beta-farnesene is synthesized from farnesyl pyrophosphate by a dedicated sesquiterpene synthase. It is a colorless liquid with a distinctive odor, insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. It is used in the fragrance industry and studied for pest management applications.

Related compounds: Beta-farnesene is closely related to other farnesenes, including alpha- and gamma-farnesene.