betacellsförlust

Betacellförlust refers to the progressive destruction or dysfunction of pancreatic beta cells. These cells, located in the islets of Langerhans within the pancreas, are responsible for producing and secreting insulin, a hormone crucial for regulating blood glucose levels. When beta cells are lost or impaired, the body's ability to produce sufficient insulin is compromised, leading to hyperglycemia.

The most common cause of betacellförlust is autoimmune destruction, as seen in type 1 diabetes. In this condition, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys its own beta cells. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors are thought to play a role in triggering this autoimmune response.

Other factors contributing to betacellförlust can include chronic inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), certain genetic mutations, and prolonged exposure to toxins or certain medications. In type 2 diabetes, while not primarily an autoimmune disease, there is also a gradual decline in beta cell function and mass over time, often exacerbated by insulin resistance.

The consequences of significant betacellförlust include difficulty in maintaining stable blood sugar levels, leading to symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. Over the long term, uncontrolled hyperglycemia due to betacellförlust can result in serious complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and cardiovascular system. Research efforts are focused on understanding the mechanisms of beta cell loss and developing strategies for prevention and regeneration.