bestraffade

Bestraffade is the past tense form of the Swedish verb bestraffa, meaning to punish or reprimand someone for a misdeed. As a finite verb, bestraffade is used to describe actions carried out in the past, for example, “Läraren bestraffade eleverna” (The teacher punished the students).

Bestraffa is formed with the prefix be- added to straffa (to punish). The word is related to the noun straf and is used in both everyday language and formal or legal contexts when discussing disciplinary actions or penalties. In addition to its finite past tense, the past participle form bestraffad (for en-nouns) or bestraffat (for ett-nouns) is used to describe someone who has been punished, as in “en bestraffad elev” or “ett bestraffat barn.”

Grammatical notes: Swedish verbs of this type conjugate in the past tense as bestraffade for all persons. The past participle bestraffad/bestraffat serves as an adjectival form, often used with a noun to indicate the state of having been punished. In passive constructions, forms like “bestraffades” (they were punished) can appear.

Usage considerations: Bestraffade and bestraffa carry a normative tone and are common in discussions of discipline, school settings, workplace policies, and legal contexts. Depending on register, other verbs such as straffa or disciplinera may be used to convey similar ideas with different nuances.

See also: bestraffning (discipline or punishment), straff (sanction or penalty), straffa (to punish).