bergantung

Bergantung is a verb used in Indonesian and Malay meaning to depend or be contingent on something. It conveys a state of reliance or conditionality, typically indicating that an outcome or situation is determined by another factor. The word comes from the base "gantung" (to hang) with the prefix "ber-" that marks a state or condition.

Usage and examples

Bergantung is commonly followed by pada or terhadap to indicate the basis of dependence, for example: "Keberhasilan proyek bergantung pada dana yang tersedia" (The project’s success depends on available funding) and "Keputusan itu bergantung pada hasil evaluasi" (That decision depends on the evaluation results). It can describe circumstances, outcomes, or plans that are not fixed but vary with another variable. In everyday language, speakers may also use tergantung, a related form meaning “depends on,” as in "Keputusan itu tergantung pada cuaca."

Related forms and terminology

Noun form: ketergantungan, meaning dependence or reliance. Related adjective/participial form: tergantung, used to describe something that is contingent or subject to change, such as "Situasi itu tergantung pada cuaca." Bergantung can also appear in formal contexts such as policy, planning, or analysis, where outcomes are described as contingent on specified conditions.

See also

Ketergantungan; tergantung; gantung (root concept of hanging). The terms reflect related ideas of reliance, contingency, and conditionality in Indonesian and Malay.