benzén

Benzín is a flammable liquid used as fuel for spark-ignition engines in cars, motorcycles, and other light vehicles. It is a refined petroleum product derived from crude oil and is formulated to provide a balance between volatility, energy content, and resistance to engine knocking. The term benzín is used in several Central European languages for gasoline.

Chemical composition and properties: Benzín is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, typically in the C4 to C12 range. It has a relatively low boiling point and readily forms vapors. The octane rating indicates its resistance to knocking in engines and is a key parameter for performance.

Production and blends: After distillation, benzín is treated and blended with additives such as detergents, antioxidants, and octane enhancers. Modern fuels are largely unleaded, with lead-based additives phased out. Ethanol or other oxygenates are blended in some regions (for example E10, E85) to reduce emissions.

Safety and environmental aspects: Benzín is highly flammable and presents hazards from inhalation and skin contact. Spills can contaminate soil and water, and vapors contribute to air pollution. Combustion releases carbon dioxide and pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds.

History and regulation: The widespread use of benzín grew with the automobile era in the early 20th century. Leaded formulations were common in the past but have been largely phased out due to health concerns. Regulations promote cleaner blends, fuel economy, and alternative fuels in different regions.