beclometasone

Beclometasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid corticosteroid used for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. The active ingredient is beclometasone dipropionate (BDP) in many preparations. It is marketed in several formulations, including inhaled corticosteroid for asthma and, in some regions, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; intranasal spray for allergic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinitis; and topical preparations for inflammatory skin conditions.

Beclometasone inhalation is used as a controller medication in persistent asthma and, in some regimens, for milder forms of COPD, to reduce airway inflammation and prevent symptoms. In nasal form, it reduces nasal mucosal inflammation and symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps. In topical forms, it is used for eczema, dermatitis, psoriasis, and other inflammatory dermatoses. The systemic exposure varies with the route and formulation and is typically reduced with proper inhalation or topical use.

Beclometasone acts by binding to glucocorticoid receptors, leading to changes in gene expression that decrease production of inflammatory mediators and recruitment of immune cells. This results in reduced inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in the treated tissues. Inhaled or topical use aims to limit systemic absorption, though higher doses may still produce systemic effects, including suppression of growth in children, skin thinning, or other corticosteroid-related adverse effects.

Common considerations include correct device technique, use of spacers when appropriate, and monitoring for local or systemic side effects. Brand names and available formulations vary by country and regulatory status.