bathypelagialt

The bathypelagic zone, also known as the midnight zone, is the region of the open ocean located between depths of 1,000 to 4,000 meters (3,300 to 13,100 feet). It lies below the mesopelagic zone and above the abyssopelagic zone. This zone is characterized by complete darkness, as sunlight does not penetrate this deep. The pressure is extremely high, and the water temperature is consistently cold, typically ranging from 2 to 4 degrees Celsius (36 to 39 degrees Fahrenheit).

Life in the bathypelagic zone is sparse and adapted to these harsh conditions. Organisms that inhabit this region often possess bioluminescent capabilities, using light for communication, attracting prey, or deterring predators. Many bathypelagic creatures have large mouths and expandable stomachs to take advantage of any food sources they encounter. Their bodies are often gelatinous or flabby to cope with the immense pressure. Common inhabitants include certain species of anglerfish, viperfish, and squid.

The primary food source for organisms in the bathypelagic zone comes from marine snow, which consists of organic debris sinking from the upper layers of the ocean. Despite the extreme environment, the bathypelagic zone plays a role in the ocean's ecosystem by supporting a unique community of specialized life forms and contributing to nutrient cycling.