bakalár
Bakalár, or bakalář in Czech and Slovak, refers to the first cycle of higher education in many Central European education systems. It denotes the bachelor’s degree awarded after completing an undergraduate program that typically lasts about three years and provides the minimum qualification for independent professional work in many fields. Under the Bologna Process, such programs commonly carry around 180 ECTS credits, with some technical or professional tracks extending to 4 years and 240 credits.
A standard bakalár program combines coursework, examinations, and a final bachelor’s thesis or project. The curriculum
Graduates of bakalár programs may pursue graduate studies, depending on the country and field. In many systems,
In English-language contexts, the term corresponds to the bachelor’s degree, with common variants including Bachelor of
Etymology traces bakalár to the Latin baccalaureus, passing through medieval universities and later European educational traditions.