bétail

Bétail refers to domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food, fiber, and labor. The most common types of bétail include cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and horses. Historically, bétail has played a crucial role in human civilization, providing sustenance, enabling farming through draft power, and serving as a source of materials for clothing and shelter.

Cattle are raised for meat (beef and veal), milk, and hides. Dairy cattle are specifically bred for milk production, while beef cattle are raised for their meat. Sheep are valued for their wool, meat (lamb and mutton), and milk. Goats are also milk producers and provide meat, while their fiber, cashmere and mohair, is highly prized. Pigs are primarily raised for their meat, known as pork. Horses, though less common as bétail in many modern agricultural systems, were historically essential for transportation, warfare, and plowing fields.

The management and care of bétail constitute a significant part of animal husbandry. This involves providing adequate food, water, shelter, and veterinary care to ensure the health and productivity of the animals. Ethical considerations regarding animal welfare are increasingly important in bétail farming. The economic impact of bétail is substantial, supporting livelihoods and contributing to the global food supply chain. Environmental considerations, such as land use and greenhouse gas emissions associated with bétail farming, are also subjects of ongoing research and discussion.