azimutti

Azimuth is a term used in navigation, astronomy, and surveying to describe the horizontal angle between a reference direction (typically true north or magnetic north) and a specified direction or object. The term originates from the Arabic word *as-samt*, meaning "direction," and is commonly measured in degrees, ranging from 0° to 360° in a clockwise direction.

In navigation and surveying, azimuth is essential for determining positions and plotting courses. It is often distinguished between *true azimuth*, which is measured relative to true north (aligned with Earth's rotational axis), and *magnetic azimuth*, which aligns with the direction of a compass needle, influenced by Earth's magnetic field. The difference between true and magnetic azimuth is known as *magnetic declination*, which varies depending on location and time.

In astronomy, azimuth refers to the angle between the north point on the horizon and the direction of an object as seen from an observer. It is one of the two coordinates used in the horizontal coordinate system, the other being altitude (the angle above the horizon). Unlike celestial coordinates like right ascension and declination, azimuth is not fixed for a given object but changes as Earth rotates and the observer's position shifts.

Azimuth is calculated using various methods, including the use of a compass, sextant, or modern GPS technology. In surveying, instruments like theodolites measure azimuth to establish precise horizontal angles for mapping and construction. Understanding azimuth is fundamental for activities ranging from maritime and aviation navigation to land surveying and celestial observations.