axonémával

An axoneme is a fundamental structural component found in eukaryotic cilia and flagella. It is a highly organized and stable array of microtubules that forms the core of these motile organelles. The typical axoneme consists of a central pair of single microtubules, often referred to as the "2+0" arrangement, surrounded by nine doublet microtubules arranged in a ring. Each doublet microtubule is composed of a complete A tubule and an incomplete B tubule.

This characteristic 9+2 arrangement is conserved across a wide range of eukaryotic organisms, from protists to humans, highlighting its evolutionary significance. The movement of cilia and flagella, which is essential for locomotion, fluid transport, and sensory perception in many cells, is powered by the sliding of these doublet microtubules past each other. This sliding is mediated by the motor protein dynein, which is attached to the outer doublet microtubules and interacts with adjacent doublets, causing them to bend and generate propulsive force.

The precise orientation and interaction of the microtubules and associated proteins within the axoneme are crucial for the coordinated beating patterns observed in cilia and flagella. Defects in axoneme structure or function can lead to various human diseases, collectively known as ciliopathies, which affect multiple organ systems. Therefore, the axoneme represents a vital and complex molecular machine essential for cellular life and organismal health.