autóctones

The term *autòctones* (from the Greek *autochthōn*, meaning "native of the land") refers to organisms—primarily plants and animals—that are naturally occurring in a particular region without human introduction. These species have evolved within their native environment over long periods, often developing unique adaptations suited to local conditions such as climate, soil, and ecological interactions.

In ecology, autòctones play a critical role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem stability. They contribute to the genetic diversity of local flora and fauna, support pollination, seed dispersal, and nutrient cycling, and provide habitat for other species. Many autòctones are also culturally significant, featuring prominently in traditional knowledge, agriculture, and indigenous practices.

Conversely, non-native species introduced by humans—known as *allòctones* or exotics—can disrupt ecosystems when they outcompete autòctones for resources, spread rapidly, or lack natural predators. Conservation efforts often prioritize the protection of autòctones, particularly those classified as endangered or threatened due to habitat loss, climate change, or invasive species.

The distinction between autòctones and allòctones is important in fields like agriculture, forestry, and environmental management. Native species are often preferred in restoration projects because they are better adapted to local conditions and less likely to become invasive. However, some introduced species have become integral to human economies or cultures, blurring the traditional definition of autòctones in certain contexts.

In summary, autòctones represent the natural heritage of a region, essential for ecological balance and human well-being. Their preservation is a key focus of conservation biology and sustainable land management.