autopsie

Autopsie, commonly spelled autopsy in English, is the systematic examination of a deceased person to determine the cause and manner of death and to study disease processes. The term autopsie derives from Greek roots meaning “to see for oneself.” Autopsies are performed for clinical purposes to confirm or revise medical diagnoses and to teach medical trainees, and for medicolegal purposes, known as forensic or medicolegal autopsies, to establish information required by law or public authorities.

Procedure generally begins with an external examination and documentation of injuries or anomalies, followed by an internal autopsy. The chest and abdomen are opened to inspect organs, and samples are taken for histology, microbiology, and toxicology. In some settings, less invasive or imaging-guided approaches may be used. Autopsies can be full or partial, depending on the clinical question, consent, and legal requirements.

Ethical and legal considerations vary by jurisdiction. In many places, non-forensic autopsies require consent from a next of kin, with exceptions for forensic investigations. Cultural and religious beliefs may influence acceptance. Autopsy findings can confirm or refine clinical diagnoses, reveal undetected diseases, inform public health surveillance, and contribute to medical knowledge.

History and scope: modern autopsy practice developed significantly in the 18th and 19th centuries, shaping the field of pathology. Safety measures, including personal protective equipment and proper handling of potentially infectious material, are essential to protect staff during the procedure.