autoimmunemediated

Autoimmune-mediated refers to pathologic processes in which the immune system targets self-tissues, causing inflammation and organ dysfunction. It covers organ-specific and systemic conditions and can be driven by autoantibodies, autoreactive T cells, immune complexes, or combinations. Loss of immune tolerance and genetic or environmental triggers contribute to disease development.

Pathophysiology includes several mechanisms: autoantibody-mediated injury to cells or receptors; immune complex–mediated inflammation; and T-cell–mediated tissue damage. Molecular mimicry, bystander activation, and epitope spreading can amplify responses. The term encompasses numerous disorders sharing autoimmune pathology.

Common examples include autoimmune-mediated hemolytic anemia, autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Hashimoto's or Graves', type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, myasthenia gravis, and multiple sclerosis. Some conditions are antibody-driven, others T-cell–driven or immune complex–driven.

Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation and laboratory findings, including autoantibody profiles (such as ANA, anti-dsDNA, TSH receptor antibodies, RF, anti-CCP), organ-specific tests, and histopathology when available. Criteria from professional societies aid classification; differential diagnosis includes infections and non-autoimmune inflammatory disorders.

Management aims to control immune activity, minimize tissue damage, and treat symptoms. Approaches include corticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, immunosuppressants, and targeted biologic therapies such as rituximab or TNF inhibitors. Vaccination considerations and infection prevention form part of comprehensive care.