aurones

Aurones are a class of plant secondary metabolites that belong to the flavonoid family. They are defined by a benzofuranone core bearing a 2-benzylidene substituent, giving the general skeleton 2-benzylidene-1-benzofuran-3(2H)-one. This structure distinguishes aurones from other flavonoids such as chalcones and flavonols.

Aurones occur in a number of flowering plants, where they contribute yellow coloration to petals and serve as floral pigments. In many species they act alongside anthocyanins in creating distinct color patterns that help attract pollinators. They can be present as aglycones or as glycosides.

Biosynthesis: Aurones are derived from the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. They are formed by the oxidative cyclization of chalcone precursors catalyzed by enzymes such as aurone synthase, producing the characteristic benzofuranone ring.

Chemistry: Natural aurones display various substitutions, with hydroxy and methoxy groups being common. They have been isolated from several plant families, especially Asteraceae and Fabaceae, and have also been prepared synthetically for study.

Biological activity and uses: In addition to pigmentation, aurones have attracted interest for potential biological activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic effects in laboratory studies. They are also explored as natural dyes and as tools in studies of plant-pollinator interactions.