asünkroonmootor

Asünkroonmootor, also known as an induction motor, is a type of electric motor where the electric current in the rotor is produced by electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding. This type of motor is widely used in industry due to its robustness, reliability, and relatively low cost.

The operation of an asünkroonmootor relies on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The stator winding, when supplied with AC power, creates a rotating magnetic field. This rotating magnetic field induces a current in the rotor conductors. The interaction between the magnetic field of the stator and the induced magnetic field in the rotor produces torque, causing the rotor to rotate. The rotor speed is always slightly less than the speed of the rotating magnetic field, hence the term "asynchronous."

There are two main types of asünkroonmootor: squirrel-cage and wound-rotor. The squirrel-cage motor is simpler and more common, featuring a rotor with conductive bars embedded in slots and shorted at the ends by rings. The wound-rotor motor has a rotor with windings similar to the stator, connected to slip rings, allowing external resistance to be added for starting and speed control.

Asünkroonmootors are favored for many applications, including pumps, fans, compressors, conveyors, and electric vehicles, due to their simple construction, low maintenance requirements, and ability to operate directly from AC power mains without complex control systems. Their performance characteristics, such as starting torque and efficiency, can be influenced by design and operating conditions.