arteriovenózními

Arteriovenózními refers to a condition involving abnormal connections between arteries and veins. These connections, known as arteriovenous malformations or fistulas, bypass the normal capillary network where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged with tissues. Instead, blood flows directly from the higher-pressure arterial system into the lower-pressure venous system. This can lead to a variety of complications.

The exact cause of arteriovenous malformations is often unknown, although they can sometimes be congenital, meaning present at birth, or acquired due to injury, inflammation, or certain medical procedures. The abnormal flow can strain the blood vessels, leading to dilation, weakening, and potential rupture. Symptoms vary depending on the location and size of the malformation. They can include pain, swelling, redness, abnormal sounds (bruits) heard with a stethoscope, and in severe cases, bleeding or organ damage due to insufficient blood supply to surrounding tissues or increased pressure in the veins.

Diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques such as angiography, MRI, or CT scans, which can visualize the abnormal vascular connections. Treatment options depend on the specific malformation and its impact on the patient's health. These may include embolization, where a substance is injected to block off the abnormal connection, surgical removal, or sometimes observation if the malformation is small and asymptomatic.