arbitratoren

Arbitrators are neutral third parties who decide disputes in arbitration, a private method of dispute resolution used in commercial, construction, and sports contexts. They are appointed to adjudicate disputes under an agreement to arbitrate and render binding decisions called arbitral awards.

Appointment and roles: Arbitrators may be chosen by agreement of the parties, by a court, or by appointing authorities under institutional rules (for example, the International Chamber of Commerce, the London Court of International Arbitration, or the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce). A dispute may be decided by a sole arbitrator or a panel of three. Arbitrators must be independent and impartial; they are required to disclose conflicts of interest and may be challenged or replaced if bias is suspected.

Procedures and powers: Under the chosen rules, arbitrators conduct hearings, examine evidence, interpret contract terms, and apply the substantive law agreed by the parties (lex arbitri or the governing law). They may also issue interim measures or provisional relief during proceedings when empowered by rules or agreement.

Awards and enforcement: The final decision, an arbitral award, is typically binding and enforceable in many jurisdictions. Awards can be challenged only on limited grounds (e.g., lack of due process, excess of authority) and are generally subject to limited review. Internationally, arbitral awards are widely recognized and enforced under the New York Convention.

Ethics and practice: Professional arbitrators may be experts in particular domains; many jurisdictions require disclosure of relationships and conflicts of interest and provide codes of ethics. Arbitration aims to provide party autonomy, neutrality, confidentiality, and time efficiency, though costs and procedural complexity can vary.