appliancesrefrigerator

The refrigerator, commonly called a fridge, is a domestic appliance for keeping food and drink cold and safe by slowing bacterial growth. In many catalogs, it is grouped under the category appliancesrefrigerator. It typically maintains a fresh-food compartment at about 35–38°F (1–3°C) and a freezer at around 0°F (-18°C).

It works by a closed refrigerant cycle: a compressor pumps vapor through a condenser, where it releases heat; the refrigerant expands through an expansion device into an evaporator inside the cabinet, absorbing heat from the interior. A fan circulates air to maintain even temperatures throughout the compartments.

Types include top-freezer, bottom-freezer, side-by-side, French-door, compact/apartment, built-in, and smart refrigerators. Features vary and may include frost-free operation, adjustable shelves, humidity-controlled crispers, ice makers, water dispensers, and energy-saving modes.

Energy and environment: Modern refrigerators rely on energy-efficient compressors and refrigerants with low global warming potential, such as R-600a. Efficiency is typically measured in annual energy consumption (kWh/year); most models meet Energy Star guidelines in many countries.

History: Home refrigeration emerged in the early 20th century, with mass-market models in the 1920s–1930s. Advances include frost-free designs, more efficient compressors, and environmentally friendlier refrigerants as regulations evolved.

Maintenance and safety: Regularly clean interior surfaces, vacuum coils, replace door seals if loose, and ensure proper ventilation. Avoid overloading and placing hot items inside, which can impair cooling. Refrigerant handling and service should be performed by qualified technicians.