anágnsi

Anágnsi is a term used in literary theory to denote the moment of recognition or discovery in a narrative when a character learns a critical truth about themselves, another character, or their situation. In its classical form the term is usually rendered as anagnorisis or anagnōsis; it is the moment at which ignorance is replaced by knowledge, often triggering the reversal of fortune (peripeteia) that is central to many tragedies.

Etymology: The term comes from Greek roots meaning “again” or “up” (ana) and “knowledge” (gnorisis/ gnosis). The form “anágnsi” is a transliteration variant found in some languages; in English scholarship the standard terms are “anagnorisis” or “anagnōsis.” The concept is closely related to recognition in psychology but distinct in its dramatic function.

In literary analysis, anagnorisis is discussed as a key component of plot structure, particularly in Aristotelian tragedy. It often occurs near the climax and leads to consequences such as a new self-understanding, a revelation to other characters, or a shift in moral responsibility. It is frequently paired with peripeteia, the plot reversal.

Beyond drama, scholars apply the idea to novels, films, and other narrative forms to describe moments of revelation that alter characters’ actions or readers’ understanding. Notable examples include the protagonist discovering their true parentage, identity, or guilt.

See also: recognition, peripeteia, catharsis, plot structure.