antracite

Anthracite is a type of coal, specifically the highest rank of coal. It is characterized by its high carbon content, low moisture content, and low volatile matter. Anthracite burns with a short, blue flame and produces little smoke. It is often referred to as "hard coal" or "stone coal" due to its hardness and density.

The formation of anthracite occurs over millions of years through the geological process of coalification. This process involves the burial of plant matter under increasing pressure and temperature. The greater the pressure and heat, the higher the rank of coal that is formed. Anthracite represents the most mature stage of this transformation.

Historically, anthracite was a significant fuel source, particularly for heating homes and for industrial purposes like forging and steam generation. Its clean-burning properties made it desirable compared to lower-rank coals. However, the extraction of anthracite can be challenging and often involves deep mining, which can be labor-intensive and carry safety risks.

Today, the use of anthracite has declined in many regions due to the availability of other energy sources and environmental concerns associated with burning any type of coal. However, it is still used in some specialized applications, such as in certain types of water filtration systems and as a component in some metallurgical processes. Its rarity and specific properties mean it retains a niche market.