antiandrogenide

Antiandrogene are drugs and other substances that reduce the effects of androgens, the male sex hormones such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. They act by several mechanisms: some, known as androgen receptor antagonists, bind to the receptor and prevent androgens from signaling (examples include bicalutamide, flutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, and cyproterone acetate); others lower androgen production or conversion, such as 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors like finasteride and dutasteride, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists like leuprolide that suppress testosterone synthesis. Spironolactone also has antiandrogenic effects and is used in certain female conditions.

Clinical uses of antiandrogene include treatment of advanced prostate cancer as part of androgen-deprivation therapy, management of androgenic alopecia and hirsutism, and supportive roles in feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women. They may also be employed for endometriosis, acne, and other hyperandrogenic disorders in selected settings.

Safety and monitoring vary by agent but commonly include effects on sexual function, hot flashes, fatigue, and breast tissue changes such as gynecomastia. Some antiandrogens carry risks of liver toxicity, blood lipid changes, or bone density loss with long-term use. Due to hormonal effects, regular clinical evaluation and, when appropriate, laboratory monitoring are advised to balance benefits and risks.