antiacne

Antiacne refers to products, medications, and strategies aimed at preventing, reducing, or clearing acne vulgaris, a common inflammatory skin condition characterized by comedones, papules, pustules, and sometimes nodules. Treatments are typically categorized as topical agents, systemic therapies, and supportive skincare practices.

Topical agents are usually first-line for mild to moderate acne. Salicylic acid acts as an exfoliant to help unclog pores. Benzoyl peroxide reduces Cutibacterium acnes and has anti-inflammatory effects. Retinoids, including adapalene, tretinoin, and tazarotene, promote cell turnover and keep follicles clear, often improving both comedones and inflammation. Azelaic acid has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and mild depigmenting properties. Many regimens combine these agents to enhance effectiveness while minimizing resistance and irritation; formulations may be adjusted for skin type and tolerability.

Systemic therapies are considered for moderate to severe acne or cases not responding to topicals. Oral antibiotics (such as doxycycline or minocycline) target inflammation and bacterial overgrowth. Hormonal therapies, including certain combined oral contraceptives or spironolactone, are used in women with hormonally mediated acne. Isotretinoin is a highly effective option for severe or nodular acne but carries significant risks and requires careful monitoring for teratogenicity and other adverse effects.

Safety and guidance: common side effects include dryness, irritation, and photosensitivity. Long-term antibiotic use raises resistance concerns. Treatment plans should be supervised by a clinician, with sun protection and appropriate skincare routines (gentle cleansing, non-comedogenic moisturizers) to support efficacy and tolerability.