antiRANKLlægemiddel

An anti-RANKL medication is a type of drug that targets the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). RANKL is a protein that plays a crucial role in the formation, function, and survival of osteoclasts, which are cells responsible for bone resorption, or breaking down bone tissue. By blocking the action of RANKL, these medications reduce osteoclast activity, thereby decreasing bone resorption.

This mechanism makes anti-RANKL medications effective in treating conditions characterized by excessive bone loss. The primary indication for these drugs is osteoporosis, particularly in postmenopausal women and men at high risk for fractures. They are also used to manage bone metastases in certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer and multiple myeloma, where cancer cells can stimulate bone breakdown. Additionally, some anti-RANKL agents are used in the treatment of giant cell tumors of bone.

The most common anti-RANKL medication administered is denosumab, which is given as a subcutaneous injection every six months. Other drugs in this class exist and may be administered differently. While generally well-tolerated, potential side effects can include musculoskeletal pain, hypocalcemia (low calcium levels), and, in rare cases, osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femur fractures. Due to the impact on bone remodeling, regular monitoring of calcium levels and bone health is often recommended during treatment.