antenneegenskaper

Antenneegenskaper refer to the various electrical and physical characteristics that define how an antenna performs in transmitting and receiving radio waves. These properties are crucial for selecting or designing an antenna for a specific application.

Key antenna characteristics include directivity, which describes how well an antenna concentrates its radiated power in a particular direction. An antenna with high directivity will have a narrow beamwidth and a higher gain in that direction. Gain is a measure of how much stronger the signal from a directional antenna is compared to an isotropic antenna, which radiates power equally in all directions.

Impedance matching is another vital characteristic. An antenna's impedance must be matched to the impedance of the transmission line and the transmitter/receiver to ensure maximum power transfer and minimal signal reflection. This is often described by the Standing Wave Ratio (SWR).

Bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies over which the antenna operates effectively. A wideband antenna can operate over a large frequency range, while a narrowband antenna is designed for a specific, narrow frequency band. Polarization describes the orientation of the electric field of the radio waves radiated by the antenna. Common polarizations include linear (vertical or horizontal) and circular.

Radiation pattern illustrates the spatial distribution of the radiated power. It can be omnidirectional, meaning it radiates equally in all horizontal directions, or directional, with a specific beam shape. Finally, antenna efficiency relates the power radiated by the antenna to the power delivered to it. Losses within the antenna material and structure reduce its efficiency.