antacidum

Antacidum is a term used in pharmacology to describe substances that neutralize gastric acid. In medical practice, antacids provide rapid, short-term relief from symptoms such as heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach by increasing the pH of the stomach contents. They are typically available as over-the-counter products and come in formulations containing aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and/or sodium bicarbonate, alone or in combinations. The neutralizing reaction with hydrochloric acid forms water and neutral salts, reducing irritation of the esophagus and gastric mucosa.

Common active ingredients include aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate. Magnesium hydroxide is often used for its laxative effect, while aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate can cause constipation. Sodium bicarbonate carries a risk of systemic alkalosis with excessive use or in certain clinical situations. Most antacids act locally in the stomach and have minimal systemic absorption, but their effects can be influenced by gastric emptying, meals, and concurrent medications.

Antacids are intended for short-term relief and are not a substitute for prescription therapy of underlying conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcers, or malignancy. They can interact with other drugs by altering absorption; timing of dosing is important, and antacids should be taken alone or spaced several hours apart from other medications. Caution is advised in kidney disease, heart failure, and pregnancy, and users should follow label directions or a clinician’s guidance.