anatomien

Anatomy is the branch of biology and medicine that studies the structure of living organisms. It describes the arrangement and parts of an organism's body, from whole organs to microscopic components. The field is traditionally divided into macroscopic (gross) anatomy and microscopic anatomy, which includes histology and cytology. Comparative anatomy examines similarities and differences across species.

Key areas include musculoskeletal anatomy (bones, joints, muscles), cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems, as well as integumentary and endocrine systems. Anatomy also covers organ systems and their relationships, spatial relationships known as regional anatomy (by body region) or systemic anatomy (by organ system).

Methods used to study anatomy range from dissection and imaging (MRI, CT, ultrasound) to histological techniques and 3D modeling. Modern anatomy integrates imaging, endoscopy, and computational approaches to visualize structures in health and disease. Knowledge of anatomy is essential in medicine, surgery, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and allied health fields.

Historically, anatomy has roots in ancient civilizations and advanced during the Renaissance with pioneers such as Andreas Vesalius. Over time, the field has evolved from cadaveric dissection to noninvasive imaging and virtual anatomy. In German-language contexts, the plural form anatomien is used for anatomies, while in English anatomies is the common plural.