anafülaksiat

Anaphylaksi is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly after exposure to an allergen. It is a systemic response, meaning it affects multiple organ systems in the body. Common triggers for anaphylaxis include certain foods like peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, and shellfish, as well as insect stings or bites, medications such as antibiotics and NSAIDs, and latex.

The symptoms of anaphylaxis can vary in intensity and onset, typically appearing within minutes to a few hours after exposure. Initial signs may include itching, hives, or a rash. As the reaction progresses, individuals may experience swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat, difficulty breathing, wheezing, chest tightness, and a drop in blood pressure leading to dizziness or fainting. Gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea can also occur.

Prompt recognition and immediate treatment are crucial for managing anaphylaxis. The primary treatment is an injection of epinephrine, which works to reverse the symptoms by constricting blood vessels, relaxing airway muscles, and increasing heart rate. After epinephrine administration, it is essential for the individual to seek emergency medical attention. Ongoing management may involve antihistamines and corticosteroids, and individuals who have experienced anaphylaxis are often advised to carry an epinephrine auto-injector at all times and to avoid known allergens. Prevention strategies involve identifying and strictly avoiding triggers.