anafylaktoidi

Anaphylactoid is a term used to describe a reaction that mimics anaphylaxis but does not involve IgE antibodies. Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs rapidly after exposure to an allergen. In contrast, anaphylactoid reactions are triggered by mechanisms other than IgE, and their onset can be slower or similar in speed to anaphylaxis.

These reactions can be caused by a variety of substances that directly trigger the release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells and basophils, without the need for prior sensitization. Common culprits include certain medications like NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), radiocontrast media, and opioids. Physical factors such as cold or exercise can also induce anaphylactoid responses in some individuals.

Symptoms of anaphylactoid reactions are often indistinguishable from anaphylaxis and can include hives, itching, swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, difficulty breathing, wheezing, dizziness, and a drop in blood pressure. Gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea may also occur.

Diagnosis relies on the clinical presentation and the exclusion of IgE-mediated allergy. Identifying the trigger is crucial for management and prevention. Treatment is primarily supportive and involves administering epinephrine, antihistamines, and corticosteroids, similar to anaphylaxis. Avoiding the known trigger is the most effective preventive measure. While the underlying mechanisms differ, the clinical presentation and management of anaphylactoid reactions are often managed as emergencies due to their potential severity.