anafylaksiaa

Anafylaksiaa appears to be a variant spelling of anaphylaxis, a rapid and severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening. In medical contexts, the standard term is anaphylaxis, characterized by widespread symptoms that develop within minutes of exposure to an allergen.

Causes and triggers include foods (such as peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, fish, milk, eggs, and sesame), medications (notably penicillin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), insect stings, latex, and, in some cases, exercise. Some individuals experience anaphylaxis without a clearly identifiable trigger. Most reactions occur within minutes to a few hours after exposure.

Pathophysiology involves immune system mediators, especially IgE antibodies, triggering mast cell and basophil release of histamine and other substances. This leads to rapid changes in blood pressure, airway swelling, skin and digestive system symptoms, and sometimes loss of consciousness. Common signs include hives or flushing, itching, swelling of the lips or tongue, wheezing or throat tightness, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and fainting.

Treatment focuses on rapid administration of epinephrine, typically via an auto-injector, and urgent medical evaluation. If anaphylaxis is suspected, emergency services should be contacted even after the first dose. Additional measures may include laying the person flat, keeping the airway open, removing triggers if feasible, and providing oxygen, intravenous fluids, or antihistamines in a medical setting. A second epinephrine dose may be required.

Prevention centers on identifying triggers through allergy testing, carrying an epinephrine autoinjector, wearing a medical alert bracelet, and developing an action plan. Desensitization therapies exist for some allergens, and education on avoidance is essential for reducing risk.

Note: the spelling “anafylaksiaa” is uncommon; most references use “anaphylaxis.” If this refers to a language-specific term, please specify for precise alignment.