amínhormóns

Amínhormóns, also known as amine hormones or amino acid-derived hormones, are a class of hormones that are synthesized from amino acids. These hormones play crucial roles in various physiological processes throughout the body. Their chemical structure is derived from one or two amino acids, and they are a diverse group with different functions.

The major types of amínhormóns include catecholamines, thyroid hormones, and melatonin. Catecholamines, such as epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), are produced by the adrenal medulla and are involved in the body's "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and glucose levels. Thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), are produced by the thyroid gland and regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Melatonin, synthesized by the pineal gland, is primarily involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles.

Amínhormóns exert their effects by binding to specific receptors on target cells. These receptors can be located on the cell surface or within the cell. The binding of an amínhormón to its receptor triggers a cascade of intracellular events that ultimately lead to a specific cellular response. The duration of their action can vary, with some acting quickly and others having longer-lasting effects. The regulation of amínhormón release is tightly controlled by feedback mechanisms involving the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, ensuring appropriate physiological responses.