amoksitsilliinclavulanate

Amoksitsilliinclavulanate, also known as amoxicillin-clavulanate, is a combination antibiotic consisting of amoxicillin, a penicillin-type beta-lactam antibiotic, and clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor. The clavulanate inhibits beta-lactamase enzymes produced by certain bacteria, protecting amoxicillin from degradation and broadening the antibacterial spectrum.

The combination retains activity against many streptococci and some enteric Gram-negatives and extends coverage to beta-lactamase–producing strains such as Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis, and some anaerobes. It does not reliably cover Pseudomonas aeruginosa or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and is not active against many Enterococcus species.

It is used to treat a range of infections, including acute otitis media, sinusitis, community-acquired pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, dental infections, and uncomplicated urinary tract infections, particularly those caused by beta-lactamase–producing organisms. It is also used for select intra-abdominal infections.

The medication is available as oral tablets and a suspension. Dosing depends on age and infection severity; common regimens for adults include 500 mg/125 mg every 8 hours or 875 mg/125 mg every 12 hours. It is usually taken with meals to improve tolerance and absorption of clavulanate.

Common adverse effects include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and rash. Hypersensitivity reactions can occur in penicillin-allergic individuals. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea and, rarely, liver function abnormalities have been reported. Contraindicated in those with known hypersensitivity to penicillins or clavulanate; use with caution in liver impairment. Probenecid can increase amoxicillin levels; discuss potential interactions with a clinician, especially regarding oral contraceptives during antibiotic use.