ammoniumpersulfat

Ammoniumpersulfat, or ammonium persulfate, is an inorganic salt with the formula (NH4)2S2O8. It consists of two ammonium cations and the persulfate dianion S2O8^2−. In solid form it appears as a white crystalline substance and is highly soluble in water. In aqueous solution it acts as a strong oxidizing agent and can decompose exothermically to sulfate species with release of oxygen, particularly upon heating or in the presence of acids or reducing agents. It is relatively stable at room temperature but should be stored away from heat and organic materials.

Production and availability: Ammonium persulfate is produced commercially by electrochemical oxidation of ammonium sulfate solutions to persulfate. It is commonly supplied as a solid, often used as a dry powder or granules for industrial and consumer applications.

Applications: It is widely used as a radical initiator in polymerization processes, such as the polymerization of acrylates and acrylamide, and in redox initiation systems. It serves as an oxidizing agent in copper etching and printed circuit board manufacturing, and is used in certain cosmetic formulations for hair bleaching and lightening. In industrial cleaning and metal finishing, it can be employed for oxidation tasks and whitening effects.

Safety and handling: Ammonium persulfate is a strong oxidizer and can cause severe skin and eye irritation or burns. It may release toxic gases when reacting with acids or combusting materials. Store in a cool, dry place in sealed containers, away from reducing agents, fuels, and organic substances. Use appropriate personal protective equipment to minimize exposure, and prevent environmental release.