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Amebiasis is an intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. This organism is found worldwide, particularly in areas with poor sanitation. The parasite exists in two forms: the cyst, which is resistant to environmental conditions, and the trophozoite, which is the actively feeding and multiplying stage. Infection typically occurs when a person ingests food or water contaminated with Entamoeba histolytica cysts.

Many infected individuals are asymptomatic, meaning they show no symptoms. However, in some cases, the trophozoites can invade the intestinal wall, leading to amebic dysentery. Symptoms of dysentery include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and sometimes bloody stools. In rare instances, Entamoeba histolytica can spread from the intestines to other organs, most commonly the liver, causing amebic liver abscesses. Other extraintestinal manifestations are less common.

Diagnosis of amebiasis is usually made by microscopic examination of stool samples to detect the presence of cysts or trophozoites. Serological tests can also be used, especially for suspected invasive disease. Treatment involves antiparasitic medications, with the specific drug chosen depending on whether the infection is confined to the intestines or has spread to other organs. Prevention focuses on improving sanitation, safe food and water practices, and personal hygiene.