aminoglicosídeos

Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that are effective against a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They are often used to treat severe infections such as meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, inhibiting protein synthesis and ultimately leading to bacterial cell death.

The most commonly used aminoglycosides include gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and streptomycin. These antibiotics are typically administered intravenously or intramuscularly. They are generally well-tolerated, but they can cause side effects such as ototoxicity (hearing loss), nephrotoxicity (kidney damage), and neuromuscular blockade.

Resistance to aminoglycosides can develop over time, particularly in hospitals where these drugs are frequently used. This resistance is often due to the production of enzymes that modify the drug, rendering it inactive. To combat resistance, combination therapy with other antibiotics is often employed. Additionally, the use of aminoglycosides is sometimes limited to severe infections where other antibiotics are ineffective.

Aminoglycosides are generally not recommended for use in children due to their potential for causing hearing loss and kidney damage. In pediatric patients, alternative antibiotics such as cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones may be preferred. The use of aminoglycosides in pregnant women is also generally avoided due to the risk of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.